SUCCESS

The enhanced environmentally friendly vehicles (EEV) introduced in the bus fleet in La Rochelle proved reliable, had reasonable maintenance costs and reduced pollution dramatically. The main findings of the exhaust gas analysis comparing Euro 3 and EEV buses showed a strong drop in carbon monoxide (-98 percent), hydrocarbons (-98 percent), nitrogen oxides (-68 percent) and particulate matter (- 89 percent). However, hybrid buses that were tested in La Rochelle showed a disappointing performance, with low levels of reliability/availability and frequent maintenance requirements. 

Biofuel operations in La Rochelle were successful in reducing polluting emissions of particulates, carbon monoxide and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen oxide emissions (as might be expected). Maintenance rates did not increase, which is an important finding and bodes well for future implementation. Fuel consumption rose by 5 to 6 percent, which is in line with other experiences of high-blend biodiesel and not sufficient to offset the positive impacts.

LPG buses in Ploiesti met their objectives of reducing carbon monoxide emissions and fuel costs. The maintenance costs for these buses were not reduced (as had been hoped), and there are some concerns about the long-term robustness of retrofitting older buses. The public reaction to the overall refurbishment was very favourable.

The key results from the implementation of a clear zone in Ploiesti were that pollution and congestion were reduced and there was increased awareness of the benefits (and subsequent acceptance) among businesses inside the access controlled area. In La Rochelle, the access restriction policy implemented in three main areas received a high level of support among the population, who were aware of the benefits in terms of increased safety and cleanliness and decreased noise levels.

Test versions of a smart card in Preston generated useful results on performance and usability. Feedback from users was that instructions on how to use the smart card were clear and the roll-out strategy was refined based on feedback that smart card recharge should take place on board the buses. Smart card use was the preferred method of payment among respondents across all bus routes.

The bike-sharing scheme in La Rochelle reduced the number of car trips and associated emissions of pollutants. The general public felt that the scheme was useful from a global perspective and the average number of subscribers increased over time.

A freight quality partnership was established in Preston and South Ribble, helping to identify, and then steer the implementation of, practical measures to improve the coordination of freight traffic in the area. The Lancashire Freight Strategy was drawn up, freight zones were defined and mapped, and better information was provided for freight operators regarding the routing of freight vehicles into and around the city.

The key result for the GPS system in Ploiesti was a reduction in operational costs. In addition, public transport users became familiar with the real-time information system and high levels of appreciation were recorded. Public transport users considered that the main improvement to the quality of bus stops was the installation of real-time informational panels.